Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil, but undoubtedly this is the most famous city in all South America. The population of the city agglomeration is more than 12 million people. It is situated in the southern part of Brazil on the Atlantic coast, just next to the South Tropical Circle (Tropic of Capricorn). Because of this fact the climate of Rio de Janeiro is hot and humid with significant precipitations all year around (but more significant in the summer season, between November and April). The combination between heat and humidity make the weather to be heavy and unbearable.

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With population of 4,5 million people, Sydney is the biggest city in Australia. It is very important regional and world financial center. It is one of the richest cities in the southern hemisphere. Its fast growth in the second half of 20-th century, has left traces not only to the impressive and modernistic architecture, that is presented by high rise modern skyscrapers with glass and mirror surface, but and its cosmopolitan population, that is so diversity as the population of New York and London.

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Greece occupies territory of 131 940 sq.km. in Southeast Europe in the Southern part of the Balkan peninsula. Greece border on Macedonia and Albania (in Northwest), Bulgaria  (North) and Turkey (Northeast). In the biggest part, this country is surrounded by the Mediterranean basin. Greece has strongly uneven coast by many big and small picturesque inlets and peninsulas.

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The polar (arctic) climate zone occupies the ice caps of the planet. The temperatures are negative all year round. In the South hemisphere this climate zone occupies the all territory of Antarctica and in the North hemisphere occupies the Arctic ocean. The conditions of life are exceptionally hard. Because of this reason, these areas are unpopulated. For example in Antarctica people can be found only in the research bases, but they don’t live there all year around.

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The subarctic area is transition climate zone between the temperate and polar climate zone. It occupies the area around and beyond the Arctic Circle. This climate zone is wide spread almost only in the North hemisphere because of the missing of mainland, in these latitudes, in the South hemisphere. The ocean in this area in the South hemisphere, strongly modify the subarctic climate.

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